Articles

    Enterobius vermicularis is a parasitic roundworm belonging to the phylum Nematoda. It is the most prevalent human helminth. The most common symptoms are perianal irritation and itching. After the gastrointestinal tract, Enterobius Vermicularis primarily affects the female genital tract.

    This report provides a detailed analysis of mental healthcare systems in the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) governments, comparing them to five developed countries. The study investigates the definitions, laws, regulations, measures, and insurance provisions related to mental health in order to identify deficiencies and obstacles in the mental healthcare system of the GCC.

    Pericardial Tamponade (PT) that develops early after cardiac surgery presents significant diagnostic challenges, is frequently overlooked, and is often identified only in its later stages, differing from PT seen with other medical conditions. While no definitive agreement exists, the literature distinguishes between early (<72 hours) and late (>72 hours).

    Surgery often requires the placement of foreign material inside the body. Many systems and safeguards are applied in the Operating Room (OR) to ensure that no material is left behind unintentionally after closure of the incision, but none is fool-proof. We describe a case of a retained foreign body mimicking sarcoma.

    A 27-year-old male with a long-standing history of chronic otitis media developed a right temporal cerebral abscess. He underwent a mastoidectomy and was treated with intravenous antibiotics, including metronidazole. The patient's clinical condition showed signs of improvement.

    A 20-year-old man presented diaphyseal fractures of the right femur, tibia, and fibula following an accident. The emergency services transported him to the nearest hospital where he underwent immobilization with a splint. Subsequently, he was referred to our center 7 hours after the accident, presenting agitation and loss of consciousness at 10 hours post-admission.

    Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a medical condition that affects calcium-mediated myocardial membrane depolarization [1] and cardiac contractility. Hypocalcemic ventricular dysfunction secondary to parathyroid dysfunction is a rare event in adults [2] that responds promptly to restoration of normocalcemia.

    A 17 years old boy presented to the emergency department for a sudden decrease in vision in his right eye following blunt trauma by a ball. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/200 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination of the affected eye showed conjunctival injection, clear and compact cornea, no evidence of superficial damage to the eyeball, and no lens injury.

    Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the gallbladder, though rare, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report the case of 51-year-old woman with no previous medical history; with a SCC discovered during complicated cholecystitis with cholangitis, treated by palliative chemotherapy underscoring the difficulty in early detection and the poor prognosis associated with advanced-stage diagnosis.

    Gastrointestinal localizations of tuberculosis account for approximately 1% of cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and anoperineal localizations are sporadically reported in the literature. In this article, we present a case of tuberculosis anal fistula that showed favorable evolution with medico-surgical treatment. We also discuss the diagnostic modalities and management approaches for this pathology.

    Fibromyalgia has become the catch-all disorder for unexplained pain syndromes. As a result, many other disorders (e.g., Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder) have been misdiagnosed and, as a result, mismanaged. Fibromyalgia is a defined Rheumatological disorder characterized by chronic pain from 11 of 18 tender points typically bilateral and above and below the diaphragm lasting more than 6 months.

   We present a case of a 76-year-old woman undergoing elective pulmonary vein isolation. The procedure had to be terminated early due to an incidental finding of an interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation.

   An outbreak of herpes zoster (shingles) can cause chronic pain, known as Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN), mainly involving the trigeminal nerve's ophthalmic branch. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of PHN in zoster ophthalmic patients, including clinical presentation.

   Gitelman Syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SLC12A3 gene, resulting in thiazide-sensitive NaCl co-transporter dysfunction. Characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesaemia, and low urinary calcium excretion, GS presents common symptoms like muscle weakness, tetany, and paresthesias, yet some manifestations are under-recognized.

   Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, presents a diagnostic conundrum due to its rare and often nonspecific clinical manifestations. This paper aims to unravel the diagnostic mystery surrounding NCC, shedding light on its epidemiology, pathophysiology.

   Deep learning, a subset of machine learning, utilizes Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to capture intricate data patterns, emulating the structure of the human brain. This study explores the application of deep learning in dental diagnostics, specifically focusing on its effectiveness in identifying and classifying dental conditions such as dental caries and periodontal disease.

   Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a sarcoma derived from fibroblasts, comprising approximately 5 to 10% of all malignant soft tissue tumors. MFS can occur at various ages but primarily affects the extremities of elderly individuals aged 60 to 80 years [1].

   Over 50% of colorectal cancer experience the development of liver metastases during the disease, impacting, annually, around of 900,000 cases. Regarding this setting of disease, the treatment, consisting in the integration of locoregional therapy with systemic therapy, it has achieved the agreement among clinicians and surgeons.

   Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) and atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) are both thrombotic microangiopathies that share several clinical traits including microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and organic damage.

   The aim of this paper is to describe a new method to determine the fetal heart axis using 4D features of ultrasound. It is critical to determine the fetal situs and fetal heart axis during fetal echocardiography. The diagnosis of a number of complex cardiovascular diseases (Kartagener's syndrome, heterotaxy syndrome, congenital heart disease, etc.) is only feasible after determining the fetal heart axis.

   We report a patient who presented with the classical picture of carpal tunnel syndrome, but had a normal nerve conduction study across the wrist. She later developed weakness of the flexor pollicis brevis muscle. Extensive nerve conduction studies confirmed a lesion of the motor fibers of the median nerve

   We report a case of a critically ill patient with COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA) who developed a breakthrough proven rhino-orbital mucormycosis, while receiving treatment with isavuconazole and who had no prior history of immunosuppression.

   Both in past times and in current scientific and medical prospects, the placenta is associated to conflicting values of danger, dirt, contamination and death but also of life and protection. The placenta remains associated with maternal hemorrhage and danger in collective memory.

   Treatment of COVID-19 remains a complicated challenge, especially among patients with severe disease. The illness by itself and the broad use of immunosuppressive agents for its management has increased the risk of opportunistic infections, including parasitic agents such as Toxoplasma gondii, Strongyloides stercoralis and coccidian parasites in these patients.

   Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY), is a rare and heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to chronic hyperglycemia. Variants in Glucokinase (GCK) is known as GCK-MODY2. In the ClinVar database, there are 1093 variants reported for the GCK gene, of which 314 are pathogenic and 280 are probably pathogenic.

   Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is common in the general population but can be frequently involved in cases of cryptogenic stroke. Its closure (PFOC) reduces the risk of recurrent strokes. In cases of residual shunt following implantation, percutaneous retrieval of the device by snare could be considered and feasible.

   A 85-year-old male was treated by Novel Oral Anticoagulant (NOAC): Apixaban 5 mg X 2 for cardiac arrhythmia (stopped 5 days before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) and reintroduced the following day). TAVR Sapien 3 Ultra 26 mm (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) was performed for severe aortic stenosis symptomatic of exertional dyspnea with normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF).

   We present two cases of suspicious malignant thalamic enhancing lesions with surrounding edema which were biopsy confirmed ischemic strokes. Case 1: A 66-year-old woman encephalopathy, lack of motivation, fatigue and vomiting was diagnosed with Covid-19 infection.

   An 11-year-old adolescent with a personal and family history of depression presented to the Emergency Department (ED) five times within one month. She reported pain, swelling, erythema, and itching in the left breast (Figure 1). Bloody nipple discharge was noted during the initial episode.

   Premature Ejaculation (PE) is one of the common sexual dysfunction. At present, there is a lack of high-quality evidence for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat PE. The trial aims to study the efficacy and safety of Compound Jinji Granules (CJG), a TCM prescription, in treating primary PE, providing evidence-based medical support for PE treatment.